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What is bismuth oxid?
The pure bismuth trioxide (nanopowder ) is classified into three types: a, b and d. A type is yellow monoclinic crystalline system, melting temperature 825, relative density 8.9; soluble acid, insoluble water, and insoluble alkali. The b type has a tetragonal, bright yellow-orange crystal system. The relative density is 8.55. Melting point 860. This type is insoluble in both water and acid. Hydrogen and hydrocarbons can be used to reduce the material into metallic bismuth. The cubic fluorite structure of dBi2O3 makes it a unique material. The crystal lattice of d-Bi2O3 is void in 1/4, which gives it a high oxygen conductivity. Bismuth Oxide is mainly used for electronic ceramic powder materials. It can also be used as photoelectric materials. As an additive used in electronic ceramic materials, bismuth dioxide is usually required to be purer than 99.15%. Main application objects include ceramic capacitors, zinc oxide varistors, and ferrite magnet materials.
The method for synthesis of bismuth dioxide
The aqueous sodium solution without carbon dioxide, which is a solution containing aqueous hydroxide in aqueous form was mixed with the bismuth-nitrate solution at 80-90degC. The solution stays alkaline and the white volume-swelling Bismuth Oxide Hydrate Bi(OH3) precipitates. This solution is heated, stirred and dehydrated to yellow bismuth trioxide. After decantation of water, filtering and drying the product bismuth dioxide is obtained.
A 0.1 mol/L Bismuth Nitrate Solution dissolved in 1 mole/L Nitric Acid (at 80-90deg C.) was dropped into a 1.5 mol/L NaOH aqueous mixture without CO2. The solution stays alkaline throughout precipitation. The white, volume-expanded, bismuth oxide trihydrate Bi(OH3) will precipitate, but it will dehydrate and turn into light yellow after stirring the hot solution. Wash 15 times in water without carbon dioxide or air, then filter and dry.
After melting the metal bismuth in the graphite-crucible, an arc forms between the graphite and metal surfaces to heat and oxidize the metal under oxygen flow. For a continuous supply of oxygen to the crucible, it should be kept in a large vessel and placed on agitator. The reaction is carried out at 750-800degC and the b bismuth trioxide is generated quickly with a purity level of 99.8%. A high-temperature b-phase product can then be obtained by quenching the product in water or a metal plate.
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