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Zinc sulphide is a chemical that has the molecular formula ZnS. It is a water-insoluble and dense compound that occurs naturally as the mineral zinc blende, also known as sphalerite. It comes in a white or yellowish-white crystal form.
It is made in the laboratory by passing hydrogen sulfide gas through a solution of a zinc salt, such as zinc chloride or zinc nitrate. It is then filtered and dried.
Definition:
Unlike many other molecules, Zinc Sulphide can have a number of unique structures. The crystalline form of the molecule can change to a zinc blende structure, which has a diamond-type network at a different temperature, or it can change to a wurtzite structure, with hexagonal symmetry. The sphalerite structure is more thermodynamically favorable, but the wurtzite structure can still be discovered due to its delayed development.
Preparation:
Zinc Sulphide can be prepared by heating a mixture of zinc and sulfur or by burning a mixture of sulfide and zinc. It can also be produced by passing hydrogen sulfide through an aqueous solution of a soluble zinc salt.
Properties:
Zinc sulphide has strong phosphorescence with addition of only a few ppm of suitable activator. It is often used as a luminescent material, from cathode ray tubes to X-ray screens to glow-in-the-dark products. With silver, the phosphorescence is a bright blue color, with a maximum of 450 nanometers. With manganese, the phosphorescence is an orange-red color with a maximum of 590 nanometers.